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	<title>Society.ie &#187; Welfare State | Society.ie</title>
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	<link>https://society.ie</link>
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		<title>Neighbourhood of strangers: AirBNB and the commodification of housing</title>
		<link>https://society.ie/2018/09/neighbourhood-of-strangers-airbnb-and-the-commodification-of-housing/</link>
		<comments>https://society.ie/2018/09/neighbourhood-of-strangers-airbnb-and-the-commodification-of-housing/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Sep 2018 08:00:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Ó Giobúin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ryan's digest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Airbnb]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Homelessness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Housing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Inequality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ireland]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sharing economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social Policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Welfare State]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://society.ie/?p=1056</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Figures published by the Department of Housing this month indicate that the number of homeless people in Ireland has reached the 10,000 mark. Responding to the escalating figures, Minister for Housing Eoghan Murphy said that current housing policies ‘were working’, but that the nature of the housing crisis meant it could never be ‘turn[ed] around in two years’. Four years ago, with homeless figures at a comparatively paltry 3,000, this author wrote of the urgent need for further provision of social housing and a policy understanding that the private sector would not be able to adequately provide for the housing needs of the economically marginalised in Irish society. Since then, homelessness has more than trebled, and for those in Dublin fortunate enough to be able to afford rent, over half their net income is now needed to cover it, making Dublin more expensive than Paris, Singapore or London (Borough) as a proportion of income spent on rent, with Galway exceeding the rent as percentage of income for notoriously expensive San Francisco. Coincidently, it was the prohibitive accommodation prices of San Francisco that led to the development of one of the most successful ‘sharing-economy’ applications invented and the subject of this [&#8230;]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Conditional Cash Transfers: Alleviating the Present, Investing in the Future</title>
		<link>https://society.ie/2017/03/conditional-cash-transfer-alleviating-the-present-investing-in-the-future/</link>
		<comments>https://society.ie/2017/03/conditional-cash-transfer-alleviating-the-present-investing-in-the-future/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 31 Mar 2017 21:35:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Ó Giobúin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ryan's digest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Basic Income]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Conditional Cash Transfer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social Policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Travellers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Welfare State]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://society.ie/?p=975</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Irish social policy model, in particular when it comes to welfare provision, is generally categorised as Liberal in nature, taking a passive, ‘safety-net’ approach to welfare intervention. Such a system is intended to alleviate the risk of extreme deprivation, but keep public welfare sufficiently sparse so as not risk the creation of poverty/unemployment trap. I have argued in my previous article that passive welfare regimes, like the one employed in Ireland, are becoming outdated as states begin to implement flexible welfare regimes in response to the growing complexities of the employment market. Universal Basic Income, or Guaranteed Income, has long been touted as a solution to precarious employment and labour displacement arising from technological advancements. But to date no state has rolled out a fully universal and unconditional Basic Income programme from which policy analysts can gauge effectiveness. Yet while the unconditional cash transfer element of UBI has not been employed in any state to date, direct, conditional payments to households have been in place for several decades in various states as a direct approach to combat deprivation. These programmes, termed as Conditional Cash Transfers (hereafter referred to as CCT), are predominantly but not exclusively employed in Latin American [&#8230;]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Guaranteed Income: a Dream or a Solution for 2017?</title>
		<link>https://society.ie/2016/12/guaranteed-income-a-dream-or-a-solution-for-2017/</link>
		<comments>https://society.ie/2016/12/guaranteed-income-a-dream-or-a-solution-for-2017/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 31 Dec 2016 22:54:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Ó Giobúin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ryan's digest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Basic Income]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Economic Inequality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Finland]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guaranteed Income]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Negative Tax]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social Policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UBI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Universal Basic Income]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Welfare State]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://society.ie/?p=938</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In his 1967 book Where do we go from here, Martin Luther King wrote: I am now convinced that the simplest approach will prove to be the most effective — the solution to poverty is to abolish it directly by a now widely discussed measure: the guaranteed income. This coming year marks the fifty year anniversary of the last book written by Martin Luther King before his assassination. In the half century that has followed, poverty has not been eradicated, economic inequality has been exacerbated, and the concept of a guaranteed income, while remaining a ‘widely discussed measure’, has not been implemented in any state. With the modern economy increasingly fluid and transnational in nature, the concerns raised by Martin Luther King in his seminal work remain as pertinent and contemporary as ever. The security of the Nine-to-Five job is increasingly being replaced by flexible and precarious work practices the modern globalised economy requires. While precarious employment has long been acknowledged as a concern of the unskilled manual and service industry workers, the rise of the modern precariat extends job insecurity into all areas of employment affected by globalisation and neoliberal economic practices. The temptation is to seek to combat the [&#8230;]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>&#8216;Why should surfers be fed?&#8217; Unconditional Basic Income in Ireland</title>
		<link>https://society.ie/2016/01/why-should-surfers-be-fed-unconditional-basic-income-in-ireland/</link>
		<comments>https://society.ie/2016/01/why-should-surfers-be-fed-unconditional-basic-income-in-ireland/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 17 Jan 2016 23:04:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Ó Giobúin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ryan's digest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Basic Income]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ireland]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Poverty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social Policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Welfare State]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://society.ie/?p=745</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[With a General Election imminent, testing social issues are sure to be voiced readily over the coming months in both party manifestos and general public discourse. One topic that will certainly take centre stage in the upcoming debates is the issue of social deprivation and how to best combat economic poverty in a state still recovering from the downturn. Internationally, various competing approaches to combatting poverty exist, ranging from the comprehensive if expensive welfare state schemes associated with the Social Democratic model, to more threadbare ‘safety-net’ welfare regimes (Liberal model) intended to encourage individuals to pursue paid employment in the labour market in order to improve their personal welfare. In Ireland, the current administration advocates job creation as the best method of alleviating poverty, with ALMPs intended to reduce unemployment levels and thereby increase economic wellbeing. Yet major disincentives continue to exist for unemployed individuals attempting to enter employment, with the loss of benefits and new costs acting to counteract some of the benefits of paid employment. The following table covers some of the potential disincentives facing jobseekers in Ireland: Name Description Causes Unemployment Trap Owing to the withdrawal of benefits on entry into employment, individuals’ net income is actually higher [&#8230;]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Individualistic Homelessness: Housing the roofless</title>
		<link>https://society.ie/2015/11/individualistic-homeless-housing-the-roofless/</link>
		<comments>https://society.ie/2015/11/individualistic-homeless-housing-the-roofless/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Nov 2015 00:28:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Ó Giobúin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ryan's digest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Homelessness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Housing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ireland]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social Policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Welfare State]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://society.ie/?p=694</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[While decriminalising drug possession is a simplistic and ultimately self-defeating approach (a topic to be addressed in a future article), it must also be realised that incarceration is not a suitable response to dealing with social problems such as narcotic abuse, and will ultimately only succeed in increasing rooflessness, itself a gateway to narcotic use.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Structural Homelessness: Life on hold</title>
		<link>https://society.ie/2015/10/structural-homelessness-life-on-hold/</link>
		<comments>https://society.ie/2015/10/structural-homelessness-life-on-hold/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 31 Oct 2015 10:15:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Ó Giobúin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ryan's digest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Budget 2016]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Homelessness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Housing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Welfare State]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://society.ie/?p=686</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In 2008, the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government released the strategy document, titled The Way Home: A Strategy to Address Adult Homelessness in Ireland, 2008-2013, providing a positive vision on the future status of homelessness by stating that: “From 2010, long term homelessness (i.e. the occupation of emergency accommodation for longer than 6 months) and the need for people to sleep rough will be eliminated throughout Ireland. The risk of a person becoming homeless will be minimised through effective preventative policies and services. When it does occur, homelessness will be short term, and people who are homeless will be assisted into appropriate long-term housing” (Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, 2008, p. 7). Seven years on from the publication of the strategy, homelessness remains a pervasive social issue, with the lack of affordable housing and escalating rents seeing an increase in the number of individuals and families without permanent accommodation of their own. Definitions of homelessness vary, and range from the narrow ‘roofless’ (sleeping rough) definition, to those that encompass all people who live in inadequate accommodation and are at risk of losing a permanent dwelling. My broad definition of homelessness includes those who live rough [&#8230;]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Part-time work: lessons from the Polder model</title>
		<link>https://society.ie/2015/08/part-time-work-lessons-from-the-polder-model/</link>
		<comments>https://society.ie/2015/08/part-time-work-lessons-from-the-polder-model/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Aug 2015 10:44:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Ó Giobúin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ryan's digest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Netherlands]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Part-time]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social Policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Welfare State]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Work]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://society.ie/?p=589</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In the cases of Ireland and the United Kingdom, the welfare of workers is largely evaluated on the basis of occupational status and earnings. The implication of this is that part-time jobs are widely regarded as sub-standard jobs, deviating from the ‘norm’ of full-time work by which worker welfare and self-actualisation are often measured. Indeed, the inferior rights, earnings, entitlements and status associated with part-time jobs has led them to being dismissed in both official and unofficial discourse as secondary or ‘marginal’ work with a propensity towards menial and unskilled employment, and largely occupied by women (Visser, 2000, p. 20; Connolly and Gregory, 2010, p. 927). Employment facilitation measures in Ireland are currently largely being directed towards the formation of full-time employment opportunities for both genders, with the increasing need for subsidised childcare provision and improved parental leave structures some of the core issues arising from the debate. The argument this article will seek to make is that part-time work can and indeed ought to be made a viable alternative to the dual-earner or sole breadwinner models currently associated with employment in the Anglo-Irish economic model. The Polder Model The popularity of part-time work in the Netherlands can largely be [&#8230;]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>After the Tiger: Active Labour Market Policies in Modern Ireland</title>
		<link>https://society.ie/2015/05/after-the-tiger-active-labour-market-policies-in-modern-ireland/</link>
		<comments>https://society.ie/2015/05/after-the-tiger-active-labour-market-policies-in-modern-ireland/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 May 2015 21:40:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Ó Giobúin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ryan's digest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Activation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ALMP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IMF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Intreo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Unemployment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Welfare State]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://society.ie/?p=492</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The severity of the economic crisis, coupled with rising unemployment figures, has exerted considerable pressure on stretched social welfare provisions, raising questions on the efficacies of the welfare systems of the state. In particular, it has been queried whether a more proactive approach in returning unemployed jobseekers to the active labour market ought be taken in light of the high proportion of long-term unemployed on the live register, accounting for 40.9 per cent of the entire unemployment rate in 2010 (CSO 2010; Dukelow, 2011, p. 421). In this context, the pursuit of Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) has become relevant to the wider economic discussion in Ireland. This article discusses the activation policy approaches adopted in post Celtic Tiger Ireland in relation to the adoption of retrenchment and upskilling measures. While also focusing on the previous development of activation policies in Ireland, this article will also conclude with an evaluation of ALMPs at the present time, and consider the possible future developments in activation measures in a post-recession Ireland. Activation in the Irish Context Activation can best be defined in relation to methods of public expenditure employed in the provision of supports and services for the unemployed, with such expenditure taking on [&#8230;]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>A case for increased social expenditure</title>
		<link>https://society.ie/2014/12/a-case-for-increased-social-expenditure/</link>
		<comments>https://society.ie/2014/12/a-case-for-increased-social-expenditure/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 28 Dec 2014 21:53:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Ó Giobúin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ryan's digest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Inequality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stratification]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Welfare State]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://society.ie/?p=434</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Termed by media outlets as the closest thing to a ‘give away budget’ since the Celtic Tiger heyday, Budget 2015 was intended to ease the fiscal pain placed on Irish society during years of Austerity. Yet, while fiscal relief is indeed to be welcomed, this author feels that the latest budget was a missed opportunity to readdress the issue of economic inequality which continues to be an issue in Irish society. Rather than bringing economic prosperity to all parts of society, the Celtic Tiger succeeded in inflating the incomes of those at the top of the economic pyramid to a far greater extent than the rest of Irish society. The recent budget is a missed opportunity, placing emphasis on the necessity for tax reductions for those on top incomes as opposed to increasing public expenditure on public services which could help assuage the social costs of economic inequality. Of course, economic inequalities can be argued as also providing social benefits, such as the motivational ‘pull’ factor to climb up the social hierarchy ladder. Indeed, a certain amount of inequality has been argued as a ‘necessity’ for the efficient functionality of the complex labour divisions of modern societies. Yet, the benefits [&#8230;]]]></description>
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